Strengths and weaknesses in sampling

Drugs and Alcohol Essay -- American History, Alcohol

Medications are intensely utilized all through the whole world. Be that as it may, it is imperative to comprehend and not subvert the changeability where medications are utilized. It is clear some are for unmistakable clinical treatment and others are for recreational use. In the United States, pot has been and keeps on being an exceptionally disputable medication. A few states have permitted cannabis utilization for therapeutic purposes, while others have totally prohibited the medication. The individuals who are against the legitimization and guideline of maryjane recommend the practical and wellbeing hazard related with utilization of the medication are excessively high. In spite of the fact that there is chance engaged with the authorization of the weed, our nation has just been gambling an excessive amount of forbidding the medication. Subsequently, many cops and American residents lives are in danger as team endeavor to control the underground market. It has constrained the tre atment prospects of the evil as pot can be endorsed for different infections (Fisher, standard. 1). The advantages of sanctioning weed by a long shot out way the misfortunes of proceeding to keep it illicit. There are blemishes on the two parts of the bargains, yet it is clear is the guideline and sanctioning of weed will give government extra income through tax assessment, diminish spending designated to upholding the law, and increment the accessibility of therapeutic treatment (Single 10:457). Thinking back on American history, liquor at one point in time was illegal. Additional time it got lawful and completely controlled by the legislature. As this occurred, our country has seen the risks and medical problems emerging from liquor utilization and misuse. For instance, tipsy driving slaughters numerous Americans every year. In contrast with cannabis considers w... ...ijuana 40:478). There are numerous beneficial outcomes cannabis guideline can have on an economy; individuals should be receptive enough to at any rate recognize them. All in all, it appears as though for different reasons pot has increased a negative picture in America today. Regardless of whether this is on the grounds that the smoke, physical impacts, or criminalist perspective on the medication, it doesn't make a difference. Americans must acknowledge the realities rather than apparently thinking about them while taking other factors into consideration. In the event that anything, the inability to sanction weed and endeavor to preclude utilization has caused more human enduring than basically legitimizing maryjane. Moreover, the genuine guideline of the medication would help invigorate the economy and dispense with wrongdoing. Americans must pick, and by the realities, it is just a short time before individuals perceive and acknowledge the sanctioning and guideline of maryjane in America.

An Open Letter to the Teacher Who Encouraged Me to Write

An Open Letter to the Teacher Who Encouraged Me to Write To the teacher who made me want to be a writer: Not a single day goes by that I don’t think of you and the lessons you taught me the summer before my senior year of high school. Though I never even had you as an English teacher during the school year, I’m so grateful for the short amount of time I did get with you when you mentored me on my college application essay. Without it, I know that I would not be the writer or person that I am today. I always felt like I was a pretty good writer. And by that I mean I always did well on writing assignments in school. But until you read my writing, I didn’t realize how much power words can carry, how much of a person can be contained within the sentences they lay out, even if they’re not aware of it themselves. I prepared what I thought were meaningless blurbs about my mundane, everyday life as a form of brainstorming. However, when you read them, you picked one out almost instantly and turned to me, saying “I sense a lot of pain here.” Out of utter shock and the sudden realization that you were right, I burst into tears right then and there. I’d never confronted my own pain, let alone been confronted by someone else about it. And I certainly had never imagined that my words could reveal and communicate the deepest parts of me to a careful reader. From that moment, writing became so much more than just this mechanical process of conveying arguments and ideas. It became like therapy. I’d never managed to be so introspective and vulnerable until then because I didn’t think any good would come of it. Thank you for teaching me otherwise, for letting me cry in front of you on a daily basis in order to work through everything I’d been holding in for years, for showing me how to convert all the baggage into something tangible and useful. Today, I continue to strive to be as open as possible with myself and in my writing. It has not only helped me improve as a writer, but it has also helped me in learning to understand and love myself, which used to seem almost impossible. Thank you for believing in my writing and making me promise to continue doing it. To be honest, I didn’t really have any intention of writing much after high school, despite how cathartic it had proven to be. I was moving across the country and leaving everyone I knew behind to study biology (in which only scientific writing is involved), so I was relying on getting a fresh start and never needing to look back or write for myself. I could not have been more wrong. Finding myself back in a place of pain and doubt, the promise I had made to you but never kept suddenly came back to me. It bothered me that I hadn’t kept that promise, so I endeavored to begin writing once more. Again I made myself vulnerable, and again I took everything I was carrying with me and attempted to turn it into something tangible. And this time around, I realize that this is something I need to be doing continuously, certainly for myself, but maybe for others as well. Before you even taught me anything about writing, you had words of advice that made a huge impression on me and that I continue to repeat to myself now whenever I feel down about how my life is going. I was a teenager who had never really failed at anything before, and that made me somewhat entitled as a young person. At the time, I wouldn’t have imagined a teacher telling a group of students about to embark on a new stage in life not to put all their hopes on one path, but you did. It honestly felt like a slap in the face at first, but you also told us that even if we didn’t end up where we thought we  wanted to be, we would still end up where we were supposed to be. And having now experienced a lot of failure since then, this idea has become a major light in the darkness for me. And now that I’ve begun writing again and been lucky enough to find a platform to share my words with others, everything you taught me has come together and I finally feel that I truly am exactly wher e I am supposed to be. I know that there are many writers out there who have been inspired and encouraged by amazing people just like you. So thank you for being a part of this special group of teachers and mentors. And thank you, on behalf of all of us young writers, to everyone out there who has helped us cultivate our individual voices.

Stress paper (nursing) - 1669 Words

Stress Paper Steven Smith Saint Xavier University Stress Paper The main stressors in my life are school, and disturbed sleep pattern related to stress and hectic workload. Some common coping mechanisms to relief the stress that I researched and found to be effective, were, deep breathing, yoga, proper nutrition, and time management. These are just a few of the many stress coping mechanisms that I researched and thought they fit best with my active lifestyle, and interests. The first of my stressors is school; school is a stressor because it is more demanding than it was in past years there it is now asking more from me along with all my other responsibilities. School takes up a lot of time†¦show more content†¦Another coping mechanism for my disturbed sleep pattern is time management according to an article from College teaching talked about a Research project looking at how students spend their time between work, school, and social interaction, They had the students keep a time diary to keep track of their day to day activity. It showed that most of any given day was spent on social interaction and then working due to finical strains and the least on schoolwork and activities (Hanson, T. L., Drumheller, K., Mallard, J., McKee, C., Schlegel, P. 2011). This time diary is a great way for me to see where my time is spent and allow my to cut out or at the least cut down on unnecessary time spent doing things that are not related to schoolwork or work which will allow me to better manage my day and get to bed at a reasonable hour and not have to be stressed because all the work has been done in a timely fashion. In conclusion the biggest stressors in my life are school, and my disturbed sleep pattern. School is a stressor because it causes me to miss work, which hurts me financially because not only do I miss work but I also use the money from working to help fund schooling. I found the best coping mechanism to fit my life style was yoga because it has been shown to lessens the affects of stress, help with focus, and confidence ( Rizzolo et al. 2009). Which will fit in nicely with my already activeShow MoreRelatedNursing Students As A Nurse1545 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion In nursing schools around the world, nursing students, in particular, are known for being pushed to the brink. It’s a simple technique, considering that you’re preparing them for careers where they are on their toes day-in and day-out, catering to the needs and well-being of others all the while managing the high demand of a post-secondary education. Sure, we all have deadlines and things to do in a day, but are we pushing them too far? Are nursing students becoming too stressed? Why? AndRead MoreHow The Environment Has A Tremendous Effect On How People Are And How They Behave1620 Words   |  7 PagesThe environment has a tremendous effect on shaping how people are and how they behave. Perceived threats lead to stress which can have a significant negative impact on one’s wellbeing and an overall dissatisfaction with one’s situation. In recent years, the focus in healthcare settings has shifted towards patient centred care. While this movement carries ma ny benefits, it can at times be easy to forget about the challenges that healthcare providers can encounter. Students in particular may face manyRead MoreResearch Paper On Nursing Burnout1334 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores six published peer reviewed journals that report on results from research seeking to explore the relationship between the three nursing outcomes job dissatisfaction, intent to leave the job, and nursing burnout, as well as working long or extended shifts, and occupational stress. It also addresses various preventative measures such as eating better, stress-management and exercise which have been known to reduce stress, and ultimately burnout. Each article used different researchRead MoreAssessment Tool Analysis Submission1407 Words   |  6 Pages NUR/440 Assessment Tools Analysis The purpose of this paper is to examine the tools that evaluate on-physical measures while applying Watson’s Theory of Human caring that integrates the mind-body-spirit dimensions to the three assessment tools chosen. In this paper, I will describe each tool and the population for which it might be useful, assessment tool data such as cost, length and each in using the toolRead MoreThe Neuman Systems Model And Its Impact On The World Of Healthcare1148 Words   |  5 Pages University of South Carolina Upstate â€Æ' Abstract The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of the Nueman Systems Model on the world of healthcare through the use of research done in two studies by Giggliotti (2007) and Bourdeanu, Dee (2013) and the affect the NSM has had on nursing education as shown by Clark in the Neuman Systems Model Trustee Group records. This paper uses these examples to represent a large body of research and educational programs based onRead MoreSelf-Care: Dealing with Stress1305 Words   |  5 Pageswith Stress Nursing school requires an immense amount of dedication and motivation. In order to function at an optimal level, it is necessary to identify problem areas then be able to intervene and change them in a positive manner. In seminar, I used the Lifestyle and Health Habits Self Assessment and determined that I suffer from a high level of stress. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the methods and interventions I used to improve this problem, as well as explore the nursing processRead MoreConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Paper1713 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis across Theories Paper NUR 513 August 6, 2012 Comparison and Analysis Theories Paper The heart of nursing has always been caring. Since the start of professional nursing with Florence Nightingale, theorists have been writing about caring. This paper highlights three caring theories Madeleine Leininger, Jean Watson, and the combine theory of Patricia Benner and Judith Wrubel these theorists each has developed a theory of caring. This paper will examine each byRead MoreDefinitions of Self-Management, Time and Stress for Nurses1200 Words   |  5 Pageshandles stress. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how nurse leaders and managers can handle stress and time through self-management. The main points this paper will discuss are the definitions of self-management, time, and stress, sources of stress, signs of stress, strategies to manage stress, time management concepts, and how self-management relates to nurse leaders and managers. This topic is very important to nurses because â€Å"nursing is a stressful job that has excess and prolonged stress thatRead More Time Management Is A Critical Component Of Modern Nursing1634 Words   |  7 Pages Time Management in Nursing Roger Kiehl West Texas AM University: Department of Nursing Time management is a critical component of modern nursing. It is, â€Å"a key factor in how nursing work is organized and understood† (Cucolo Perroca, 2015, p. 122). There are many factors that influence nursing behaviors, but time is one of the most important (Chan, Jones, Wong, 2012, p. 2021). Managing and using resources appropriately is a key nursing responsibility, and time is indeedRead MoreThe Concept Of Compassion Fatigue1334 Words   |  6 Pages State of the Science Paper: Compassion Fatigue Katelyn Anderson Fairleigh Dickinson University A concept can be a word, an abstract or concrete thought, a phrase, or a symbolic statement. â€Å"Concepts are formulated in words that enable people to communicate their meanings about realities in the world and give meaning to phenomena that can directly or indirectly be seen, heard, tasted, smelled or touched† (McEwen Wills, 2014, p. 50). Concepts are the start of an idea, which can

“Beauty is truth, truth beauty” Essay - 767 Words

Of the five odes written by John Keats, this ode was written to show the beauty of love through a work of art. This work of art is a Grecian Urn, one side adorned with a woman being pursued by a â€Å"bold lover† and on the other a priest leading a heifer to be sacrificed. The beauty of this poem is given in five stanzas of iambic pentameter with a two part rhyme scheme, giving the poem a sense of a two part structure and, furthermore, two meanings just as there are two sides of the urn. The manifest meaning is one of the picture being timeless and the love eternal, while the latent meaning is that of silence and how love can be expressed without word or sound. Keats begins this depiction of beauty in the first stanza by describing the woman,†¦show more content†¦However, we are told not to grieve, for just as the lover will never reach his beloved, his beloved will never fade and â€Å"for ever wilt thou love†. In the third stanza, Keats repeats the word happy six times and â€Å"for ever† five times. The purpose of this is to exaggerate his message of timeless beauty. The urn will forever show the same scene of the trees in full bloom, never to â€Å"bid the Spring adieu†. â€Å"More happy love! More happy, happy love!†; describing the love of the young couple, Keats says that they will be â€Å"for ever warm†, â€Å"for ever panting†, and â€Å"for ever young†. In this, the speaker rejoices in the still moment, the love that will for ever remain frozen. The repetition of happy and exclamation points also seem to show Keats’ overly sentimental feeling for the trees’ condition, almost as if he is envious of their everlasting beauty (Trumann). Until this point the reader has seen a single side of the urn. The fourth stanza of â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn† begins to show us other side of the urn, as if the speaker is holding the urn in his hand and turning it over to view the rest of the design. Full of questions, this stanza gives the feeling of confusion. The speaker is contemplating the purpose of the priest, the â€Å"garlands drest† heifer, and wondering about their destination. Another part of this scene depicts a town â€Å"emptied of its folk,† leaving the speaker to wonder whatShow MoreRelatedThemes Of Beauty Is Truth The Truth1879 Words   |  8 Pages‘Beauty is truth, truth beauty’. Discuss Keats’s exploration of the themes of beauty, truth and imagination in two or more of his works. Prior to the Romantic Movement the prevalent notions in European culture was that the understanding of the universe could be comprehended with the application of rationality and logic. The bel ief that reason and logic could and should determine all aspects of life arguably underwent a shift of consciousness and was subordinated against the ideas of the RomanticRead MoreJohn Keat s Line, Beauty Is Truth, Truth Beauty1568 Words   |  7 Pagesthat truth is†¦ solid. That truth is, in a way other things are not. That truth is concrete and that if we work and search, we will find the truth and all our questions will be answered. More ‘artsy’ art, things like paintings, poetry, sculptures, music, and such, seem to very much disagree. Truth becomes an almost illusory concept, searched for, aspired to, but never fully grasped. I believe John Keat’s line â€Å"Beauty is truth, truth beauty† echoes this notion. By linking the concept of truth withRead MoreThe Truth And Beauty By Virginia Woolf1207 Words   |  5 PagesThe truth and beauty is our own experience of life, the unique way we experience and feel similar moments. One of author Virginia Woolf’s purposes for Mrs Dalloway was to capture how people experience their own, different truths in the same moment. To do this she focuses on consciousness rather than actions and descriptions. But more than that, they uncover the nature of the individual’s mind in time as â€Å"the leaden circles dissolved in air† which Keats and Septimus equate to the truth. The purposeRead MoreTruth and Beauty Analysis Essay920 Wo rds   |  4 PagesTruth and Beauty Essay Ann Patchett’s Truth and Beauty can most simply be summed up as the life of Lucy Grealy and her lasting impact on people. Patchett writes from a colloquial sidelines point of view meaning Grealy is depicted as a type person who is like an unyielding force. She was a force that gained momentum as it swept up more followers and Patchett became subject to this overpowering presence that Lucy effused. Patchett uses letters from Grealy to explore a part of this invisible attractionRead MoreThe Ugly Truth Of Beauty Pageants1649 Words   |  7 PagesTiffany Foster Professor Dunn Comp 102 26 April 2015 The Ugly Truth of Beauty Pageants Lipstick, big hairdos, and sparkly crowns†¦ the world of beauty pageants is perceived as glamorous and prestigious. In the 1920’s, beauty pageants became part of American society. Forty years later, the first ever children’s beauty pageant took place. Young children in these competitions are judged based on individuality in looks, capability, poise, perfection, and confidence, or as the judges callRead MoreThe Beauty Industry Hides An Ugly Truth Essay1754 Words   |  8 Pagesfact, it has been in the dark so long, that many people choose to ignore it. What is this secret? Well, the beauty industry hides an ugly truth: It has flaws in the system that lead to mislabeling of products, unregulated chemicals in formulas, and dangerous diseases in cosmetologists. The cosmetology industry has been infamously known for their lack of regulations on companies that produce beauty products. The companies do not operate through the FDA, so they are able to exclude important informationRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of the Ugly Truth About Beauty818 Words   |  4 Pages4 September 2012 Rehtorical Analsysis of â€Å"The Ugly Truth About Beauty† There is a clichà © quote that people say, â€Å"Beauty is in the eye of beholder.† But in the essay â€Å"The Ugly Truth About Beauty† (1998) Dave Barry argues about how women who spend countless hours on their so called â€Å"beauty† whereas men seem not to care. Barry uses juxtaposition and exaggeration to poke fun at men and women behavior and shed light on the harm that the beauty industry is doing. 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Most of the book is told in chronological order from the early Egyptians and Babylonians discovery of the quadratic equation and leading up to the impossibility to solve the quintic equation. Through each chapter we see how mathematicians get one step closer to solvingRead MoreThe Ugly Truth Behind Child Beauty Pageants. Why Is That1310 Words   |  6 Pages The Ugly Truth Behind Child Beauty Pageants Why is that we are told everyone is beautiful in their own way yet society pressures us woman to be prettier than the next. Women are taught as little girls that being beautiful is important but there is more to life than being beautiful. I believe parents should not let their daughters compete in beauty pageants because it sexualizes young girls, affects child development and discourages self worth. Is exploiting your child really worth some cash, a

St Dismass Free Essays

St Dismas With St. Dismas facing a decline in their patient services, the Board of Directors knew their present strategy was not facilitating the needs of their community. Coming up with new initiatives, such as being more cost-effective in the delivery of inpatient care and developing new programs and services are strategies that will help them continue to capitalize on their more than qualified rehabilitative staff and their own reputation of excellence. We will write a custom essay sample on St Dismass or any similar topic only for you Order Now With this in mind, CEO Dr. Splient Splient came up with a plan to meet the Board’s new strategic initiatives of attaching an assisted living facility to St. Dismas’ Campus. The deliverable would be a 100-unit for-profit subsidiary of St. Dumas that would house 110 to 150 light and heavily assisted residents. This would distinguish them from other assisted care facilities as it would be the only one to offer the highly competent therapeutic programs that the hospital now offers. Upon the approval of Dr. Splient’s plan, the Board also stipulated that he would have to wait to begin construction until after November of 1999 because two of the present Board Members will be running for city council and county commissioner seats. Another constraint established by the Board is for the facility to be open by July of 2000. Other constraints will be in laws and regulations pertaining to building the structure for its population, meeting budgeting requirements, personnel requirements, etc. Also to be kept in mind are that the financial plans that Dr. Splient and his team came up with are estimates based on present information, projections, and the assumption that St. Dismas will be received by its target market. For, even though it is not a hospital, they might feel like they are in one because of the location. Therefore, it is also assumed that St. Dismas will meet the occupancy levels necessary for it to be profitable and yield a return on the investment. Now that Dr. Splient has the Board’s approval to go ahead with the planning of the project for construction of the new medical facility, he must now meet with his executive team to present them the project mission and the scope. Once he and the executive team are confident that they are ready to launch the project plan, build, and open the assisted living facility, it is now time for him to put together his project team. This team will be called the ALF Project Steering Committee and consisted of the Chief Financial Officer, Vice President of Business Development and Marketing, Rehab Services Medical Director, Construction Project Manager, Chief Operations Officer, Director of Information Services, Director of Support Services, and two members of the Board of Trustees (one with construction experience and then another a probable electee to the city council). The team held their first meeting at which Dr. Splient will present his vision for the facility, lead discussion of all major steps that must be included in the project plan, and ask all members to identify which areas they would accept responsibility for. Once all members realize their roles, he will give his team two months to come back with their detailed action plans for their area of responsibility. Below is a Preliminary Level 1 Work Breakdown Structure for the project that Dr. Splient will construct as a visual aid for the team. Once they return with their detailed plans, the team can add to the Work Breakdown Structure and then carry out the project of constructing the new assisted living facility. It is our belief that Dr. Splient would be an excellent choice for project manager. His strengths include planning and organizing teams, as well as delegating tasks. He demonstrated these strengths in many ways. For starters, he compiled a report for the assisted living facility on the St. Dismas campus that included the potential return on investments. He also identified each cost associated with building this facility. Accomplishing these two tasks showed that it was important to Dr. Splient to be financially aware of how funding was going to be used. Therefore, he pays close attention to detail, which is a key characteristic in a project manager. Dr. Splient used his organizing skills to form a business development team. By creating this team, Dr. Splient was able to scout out a design that would make the assisted living facility one of the best. This eam also created a business plan to ensure that those working on the project would know the estimated amounts of income, capital expenditure, and revenues. Aside from the team designed for business development, he also created a team to present the project mission, and scope to the company. By creating these two teams he showed his willingness to make all parties associated with the project cognizant of all components. Exemplifying proper communication skills, Dr. Splient shows the effectiveness needed to be a potential project manager. He distributed the responsibilities of the project to members of each team equally. By doing this he showed his willingness to cooperate with others instead of taking on the entire project himself. This adds to the list of strengths for Dr. Splient as a project manager, because he was able to understand that he could not do everything involved in the project by himself, and had to except these limitations. Lastly, Dr. Splient exhibited the characteristic of leadership by giving each team two months to come back with a detailed action plan. Using deadlines, he establishes authority within the project. However, he does this without abusing his power. By doing this it establishes Dr. Splient as a leader instead of a tyrant. This characteristic is essential in being a successful project manager. In closing, this project requires the cooperation of all parties and factors involved. A good project manager needs to have both interpersonal and business skills to carry out the project successfully. Dr. Splient’s organized, assertive, and detail oriented nature in addition to his leadership qualities, financial management, and task balancing skills, make him a prime candidate for project manager. How to cite St Dismass, Papers

Romeo and Juliet is a play of violent emotions Essay Example

Romeo and Juliet is a play of violent emotions Essay Romeo and Juliet is not only a play that has a violent ending; instead, the entire play consists of violent emotions. These emotions lead to conflicts, and are significant elements that contribute to the drama, tension and crisis of the play. Violent emotions are those which are so strong that they lead to violence, or those that are literally violent. In Romeo and Juliet, violent emotions are revealed through the plot, languages and characters, and they play a huge part in various themes.In Romeo and Juliet, love is dominant. However, it does not capture the audience by portraying the beauty and tenderness of love; rather, love is depicted in a way such that it is a violent, brutal and overpowering emotion that it could be devastating. In the prologue, death-marked love and childrens end evidently reveal that the play has a violent ending involving death, and with no doubt, it is a consequence of love. The duality of love in shown in many ways, in Act 1 Scene 1, Shakespeare uses oxy moron, such as heavy lightness, serious vanity, and bright smoke. These images make the audience visualize and imagine how love can be sweet and affectionate, but at the same time, painful and violent. In the same scene, Romeo says,Love is a smoke made with the fume of sighs:Being purged, a fire sparkling in lovers eyes;Being vexed, a sea nourished with loving tears.This also shows the two different sides of love. Fire and sea contrast with each other, since one is hot, and the other is cold; which is a sharp portrayal of love. Shakespeare often personifies love. In Act 1 scene 1, Benvolio says,Alas, that love, so gentle in his view,Should be so tyrannous and rough in proof!,and in Act 1 scene 4, Romeo comments:Is love a tender thing? It is too rough,Too rude, too boisterous, and it pricks like thorn.Here, love is being characterized. In Romeos lines, love is portrayed as a lively beast. Using the word prick and comparing love with thorn, love is depicted as an aggressive and violen t creature.Romeo and Juliet both have thoughts of committing suicide. In Act 3 scene 3, Romeo brandishes a knife in Friar Lawrences cell and threatens to kill himself after having been banished from Verona and his wife. In Act 4 scene 1, Juliet also threatens to commit suicide:If in thy wisdom thou canst give no help,Do thou but call my resolution wise,And with this knife Ill help it presently.Juliet also shows her willingness to experience death in Act 3 Scene 5 when she says,If all else fail, myself have power to die.Both Romeo and Juliets thoughts of taking their own lives evidently reveals that, love can be so passionate that it can be blinding; also, the power of love can overwhelm a person and causes one to be violent to an extreme.The theme of love as a cause of violence, i.e. death, continues and leads to the tragic ending of the play. Romeo and Juliet both made the choice of dying, which is the most potent expression of love. Their love is so profound that they decided to e nd their lives in its defence. Here, the plot itself, plainly, shows violent emotions, and how the most important theme of the play, love, affects this violence.Violent emotions are crucial to the theme of hatred in Romeo and Juliet. Loathing between the two households is a main subject of the play, it has negative impacts, and the majority are violent. In the prologue, from ancient grudge break to new mutiny clearly states that hatred between the two households leads to the outburst of violence. Civil blood shows that their dispute has caused injuries and deaths, which is another proof of violence. In Act 1 scene 1, Tybalt says,What, drawn, and talk about peace? I hate the wordAs I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee.His aggression causes the fighting between the Montagues and the Capulets men. In the princes speech in the same scene, Shakespeare uses imagery to signify violence. Neighbour-stained steel implies swords stained with neighbours blood, while purple fountains is used to represent blood, both descriptions show the existence of long-term hostility. In Act 1 scene 5, Tybalt, again, brings out hatred and violence.Patience perforce with wilful choler meetingMakes my flesh tremble in their different greeting.I will withdraw. But this intrusion shall,Now seeming sweet, convert to bitterest gall!Wilful choler illustrates that he is obstinately furious and will not give in. Although he says he will withdraw at that particular moment, he will definitely take revenge, this indicates that there will be another brawl between the two feuding families.Violent emotions are well conveyed through the deaths of Mercutio and Tybalt. In Act 3 Scene 1, Mercutio says,And but one word with one of us?Couple it with something. Make it a word and a blow.The word blow means a punch. Here, Mercutio provokes Tybalt by suggesting to start a fight, showing violence. He also says, Will you pluck your sword out of his pilcher by the ears? Again, Mercutio insults Tybalt which is a t rigger to their wrestle. The fact that Tybalt kills Mercutio is very commanding in showing the significance of violence as a result of hatred. Mercutios death is caused by the long-term feud between the two households; this is emphasised in the Princes lines,I have an interest in your hates proceedings:My blood for your rude brawls doth lie a-bleeding.Here, my blood refers to Mercutio, the Princes kinsman. This clearly proves that Mercutios life is given up due to the loathe between the families, and that their abhorrence is vastly destructive. Hatred is an intense emotion in the play, which enhances the tension throughout scenes and incessantly brings up violence.Although anger, differs from hatred, is more of an instant feeling, which changes from time to time, it contributes immensely to make Romeo and Juliet an aggressive play. In Act 3 scene 1, Mercutio is killed by Tybalt under Romeos arms. He is furious for being fatally wounded, he says,A Plague o both your houses!Mercutio r epeats this line and curses the Montagues and the Capulets. Since Romeo is blinded by rage over his friends death, it sets him off to kill Tybalt. Romeo says,Away to heaven, respective lenity,And fire-eyed fury be my conduct now!Fired-eyed is associated with heat and it is an image which signifies anger. Romeo says he will act the way an enraged person acts, which subsequently, causes the death of Tybalt. This surely is an obvious proof of anger bringing about violence; and it is seen through languages and the plot.Violence in anger is also conveyed when Capulet is irritated by Juliets disobedience of not marrying Paris. In Act 3 scene 5, Capulet says,To go with Paris to Saint Peters Church -Or I will drag thee on a hurdle thither.Here, violent emotion is shown through the idea of a hurdle, which is a sledge used for dragging criminals to their execution. Later in the same scene, he also says,My fingers inch.This line implies that Capulet is tempted to hit Juliet, which factually il lustrates violence. Capulet calls Juliet minion, green-sickness carrion, young baggage and disobedient wretch, these comments are harsh and insulting, and they demonstrates Capulets aggression.Grief and despair do not play a big role in Romeo and Juliet, yet, they contribute to the violent emotions of the play. In Act 1 Scene 2, Romeo is indulged in lovesick. He compares being unrequitedly infatuated as to:Shut up in prison, kept without any food,Whipped and tormentedShakespeare uses imagery to convey how grief can be brutal. The words whipped and tormented directly show cruelty and violence.As mentioned earlier, both Romeo and Juliet have thoughts of killing themselves. That is not only a cause of love, but a consequence of sorrow, too. In Act 3 scene 3, after himself is banished, Romeo says,In what vile part of this anatomyDoth my name lodge? Tell me! that I may sackThe hateful mansion!In these lines, Romeo means, the part of his body which his name is kept should be destroyed. T his aggression is raised by Romeos despair of being banished and hearing the Nurses report on Juliets depression. Juliet, who mourns over Romeos banishment and the arranged marriage between herself and Paris, threatens to commit suicide, as well. This is yet another example demonstrating how grief leads to violence.Even though violence is not being considered as the major subject of Romeo and Juliet, we cannot deny that violent emotions are consistently revealed throughout the play. The crucial themes, such as love and hatred, are being constantly depicted as aggressive sentiments. The plot itself, having a sadistic ending and consisting of several characters deaths, evidently expresses violence. Shakespeare also makes use of languages, for example, imagery, to demonstrate hostility and aggression. We say that violence are drawn out through various themes, but simultaneously, these emotions make up the play. They are vital in enhancing the tension, and quite frankly, violent emotion s are the centre of the drama and crisis of Romeo and Juliet.

Ethics In The Age Of Information Essays - Hacker, File Sharing

Ethics In The Age Of Information Essays - Hacker, File Sharing Ethics in the Age of Information The information age is the age we live in today, and with the information age comes an age of ethics. When we deal with the new technologies introduced every day, we need to decide what we must consider ethical and unethical. We must consider all factors so that the use of the information readily available to many persons is not abused. "Information technology will be the most fundamental area of ethical concern for business in the next decade" (Houston 2). The most widely used tool of the information age is the computer, whether it be a PC or a network of computer systems. As we enter the information age the newness and power of information technologies tests the ethics of the average person, not just the criminal and causes thousands of computer crimes to be committed daily. The most common computer crime committed daily, some aware and many not, is the illegal sharing of computer software. Software is any of the programs used in operating a digital computer, as input and output programs, as defined by Funk and Wagnalls Standard Desk Dictionary. When you purchase computer software, you purchase it with the underezding that it will be for use on a single computer, once installed on that system, it is not to be loaded on any other computer. However many people are not aware of this underezding, and many load a program on a couple of computers or on a whole network of computer systems not aware that they are committing a crime. Even though you probably will not be prosecuted for loading a program on a friends computer, this is where your ethics come in. Do you consider anything when you share a program with others? If not then consider the programmers of the software who are denied compensation for their developments every time you distribute a piece of software. "Why is it that people who wouldn't think of stealing pack of gum will copy a $500 piece of software" (Houston 3)? A popular form off illegal software distribution is throughout the online world. Whether it be the Internet, America Online, CompuServe, Prodigy, or a BBS (Bulletin Board System), software "pirates" thrive freely online. These so called "pirates" operate by uploading pieces of software, commonly referred to as "warez", into an online service's database then sending through e-mail the rights to download them. "The Information Superhighway has opened the door to a new kind of highway robbery - the home shoplifting network" (Mattia 43). When you access a online service, you are identified through an account which most commonly consists of a user ID and password. The password is so you only can access the online service with your user ID. Many people online use their own accounts to access their service, but many steal and use the accounts of others or make fake accounts. When online, these account "pirates" many times trick other users into giving their passwords to them by impersonating an employee of the online service. Others can hack into the online services mainframe computer and steal thousands of accounts. Probably the most common method of getting online without paying is the use of fake or fraudulent accounts. These are made by giving false information when attempting to gain access to an online service. Name, address, phone number, and billing information, such as checking account or credit card number, are all falsified in obtaining an online account. With these stolen and fake accounts, software "pirates" have virtually unlimited time to download their "warez" without any charge to them. Many people don't consider the people behind the creation of software when they illegally distribute it. The developers of software are not properly compensated for their work because of the extent of software piracy. No one can argue with a software company's desire, and right, to make sure everyone using their products has paid for it (Furger 73). The numbers add up, it is estimated that in 1994 alone that software companies lost $15 billion from illegal software copying (Maremont 65). It is not only illegal, but clearly unethical to distribute software knowing that the people behind the software are experiencing the downfalls of it.

Definition of the Term LD50

Definition of the Term LD50 Definition: The median lethal dose of a substance, or the amount required to kill 50% of a given test population. LD50 is a measurement used in toxicology studies to determine the potential impact of toxic substances on different types of organisms. It provides an objective measure to compare and rank the toxicity of substances. The LD50 measurement is usually expressed as the amount of toxin per kilogram or pound of body weight. When comparing LD50 values, a lower value is regarded as more toxic, as it means a smaller amount of the toxin is required to cause death. The LD50 test involves exposing a population of test animals, typically mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, or even larger animals such as dogs, to the toxin in question. The toxins might be introduced orally, through injection, or inhaled. Because this testing kills a large sample of the animals, it is now being phased out in the United States and some other countries in favor of newer, less lethal methods. Pesticide studies involve LD50 testing, usually on rats or mice and on dogs. Insect and spider venoms can also be compared using LD50 measurements, to determine which venoms are the most deadly to a given population of organisms. Â   Examples: LD50 values of insect venom for mice: Honey bee, Apis mellifera - LD50 2.8 mg per kg of body weightYellowjacket, Vespula squamosa - LD50 3.5 mg per kg of body weight Reference: W.L. Meyer. 1996. Most Toxic Insect Venom. Chapter 23 in University of Florida Book of Insect Records, 2001. http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/walker/ufbir/.

Effect of the World Wars on Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effect of the World Wars on Canada - Essay Example Social Impacts of First and Second World War: Canada has been put into form by wars more than anyone could have realized it. The wars created the modern Canada, removing all kinds of traditions and memories of a â€Å"divided national identity†. Attitude of Canadians towards war was based on historical experience (Morton, 1999, pp. ix-x). The First World War had led to overwhelming changes in the social structure of Canada. The sacrifices and compromises that the average Canadians had to make called for new social order intending for emergence of peace. Groups of labor, women, farmers, churches and political parties all had developed their plans and programs for bringing in changes (Guest, 1997, pp. 49-50) Several social reforms were stimulated by the war. Pension issues, healthcare were some areas which were given special attention. In the field of social welfare, the profession of social work emerged out of liberal individualism. However keeping problems of divided jurisdiction at one side, the administrative problems aggravated by federal government’s failure to contribute to costs. Unemployment relief policy was largely developed at the municipal level, resulting in administrative procedures and policies differing from place to place with absence of standards in the level of aids (Guest, 1997, pp.50-85). Thus impacts of the war could be felt. As it can be understood that War and Society has a deep rooted connection and hence greater impacts are bound to occur on the societal issues when such World War affects or impacts countries individually (Keshen & Durflinger, 2007). However, as in the case of Canada, the effects have not been negative completely. The Second World War to o had a reflective effect on the social structure of Canada. The most rigorous crisis of unemployment got ended and the standards of living were raised for a large number of people in Canada. More significantly, the process of â€Å"industrialization† and â€Å"urbanization† progressed with greater rapidity. Production capacity of industries was stretched and superiority and intricacy of industrial processes also increased. The war had an overwhelming effect on the federal government as a whole. It became one of the largest employers of labor. The war saw several women responding to convene of the war and shedding their homemakers’ role to join the labor force. However with respect to Fordist estimates, the white male enjoyed better privileges than the women. Many women from Poland were brought into Canada and they represented the modern and educated women folk of tomorrow. Unemployment of the country decreased, and personal income and provincial income started increasing (Sangster, 2007, p. 472). As the war had ended with a sound financial form, even problems of agricultural surpluses also were removed. There was also a realization among the governments that social services were not only a luxury, but a crucial item in the smooth functioning during wartimes (Guest, 1997, pp.103-104; Francis, Jones, and Smith, 2007). Thus comparing the effects of the two world wars, it can be seen that the Second World War had bigger positive social impacts on the country. Political Impacts of First and Second World War: The political impact of the First World War formed or enlarged some divisions in the community. Before the year 1914, Canadians who resided in the western region of Canada had to consume products by paying much higher prices than those who were living in the country’s central and eastern regions. Price gaps also existed in the provinces that were existent for long times. By the year 1920s, the western and the eastern regions had div ided in terms of prices. According to sources, inflation was prevailing during and after the war, which led to high price ranges on consumable

People Resourcing and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

People Resourcing and Development - Essay Example ve and motivate employee performance and generally contribute to the overall output (performance) of an organization (Pilbeam&Corbridge2010, p.16).In as much as it is intended for the good of employee, manager, and overall organization, performance appraisal has become a controversial aspect of human resource functions. This is because most managers do not have clear guidelines of enacting it, and in most cases, managers have not described their ratings of the process as completely accurate or honest. In the light of this revelation, the following study text will discuss the practice of performance appraisal in an organization as being more of a curse than a blessing in improving and motivating employee performance. Performance appraisals cannot be done collectively like trainings but are conducted per individual. In short, every employee needs to have their own appraisals done by the manager. Today’s organizations on the other hand range from medium sized to large, meaning that there may be tens to hundreds or thousands of employees per organization, all under the same human resources department. This means that the manager doing the performance appraisals has to invest a lot of time into the activity (Aggarwal, Sundar, & Thakur 2013, p.617). In as much as the appraisals are done to boost the organizations, they can mean wasting a lot of precious production time especially on the part of the manager. Apart from writing the appraisals, the managers are required to meet with staff and supervisors to collect information regarding the employees. This fact portrays the curse part of performance appraisals in that managers are critical factors in organizations and if their time for important matters in diverted to lesser-deserving issues, it may result in dismalperformance due to misalignment of management duties. For instance, time for overseeing of organizational functions may reduce, therefore exposing the organization to functional problems. Managers, who are at

The Tempest and Antigone Essay -- Comparative, Shakespeare, Sophocles

In William Shakespeare’s The Tempest and in Sophocles’ Antigone, both authors explore and illustrate the differences between â€Å"human law† and â€Å"higher law†. The two authors have different opinions about those laws. In The Tempest, Prospero uses his magic to manipulate various characters, and he often uses his magic to follow the plot of the story by his own way. Prospero uses his magic for total control over the people on the island where he lives. In Antigone, Creon, the King of Thebes, uses his title to manipulate others that kills Haemon and Antigone. Though the ending is more tragic in Creon’s control than in Prospero’s, by the end of Creon’s manipulation, the Greek Gods destroys Thebes. Regardless of the differences between the plays, both have different views of â€Å"human law† and â€Å"higher law†. Through the character and the setting development of the story in both plays, it is obvious that Shakespeare favors â€Å"human law† and Sophocles favors â€Å"higher law†. In Shakespeare’s The Tempest, the focus throughout the story is on the â€Å"human law† as Prospero is seen as a manipulator. Near the beginning of the play, Prospero enslaves Caliban, and he obeys Prospero all the time when Prospero orders him to do so. After Prospero gives instructions what to do, Caliban says in an aside that, â€Å"[He] must obey. [Prospero’s] art is of such power/ It would control [his] dam’s god, Setebos, / And make a vassal of [Setebos]† (Shakespeare I.ii.448-450). When Prospero threatens Caliban that he, â€Å"would control [Caliban’s] dam’s god, Setebos† (Shakespeare I.ii.449), making Prospero more powerful than the gods. Prospero’s actions prove that he is the top of the Great Chain of Being. Thus, Shakespeare use of indirect characterization demonstrates to the au... ... In Shakespeare’s The Tempest and in Sophocles Antigone, the text compares itself whether if the belief is toward â€Å"human law† or â€Å"higher law†. Prospero, in The Tempest, is a person who did control others and proves the point that no gods rule. However, Creon, in Antigone, also did control others yet, in that time, the Gods did rule and they did make the lives in Thebes destructive when one breaks their laws. Comparing the two plays, the authors did write in two different periods with different beliefs. The ancient belief is the setting where the â€Å"higher law† is in effect when Antigone is in place. Moreover, in colonialism, there is a different belief, which the â€Å"human law† is in order when The Tempest is in place. Whereabouts, the authors seem to favor different laws depending either of how the authors make their stories or in what kind of setting is taken place.

Comparison of Judaism and Mormonism

The reason I mentioned Jesus is because the Mormonism faith believe in the Godhead that is God the Father, God the Son (Jesus), and God the Holy Spirit. See this is where the two religions split on their beliefs of God. As I wrote before that they both believe in God the Father but when they added on the Son and Holy Spirit Judaism would never accept that. From my researching of the two religions I came to only a few conclusions about what would happen from the facts I read if they were to get together. Mormons hold up those of Jewish decent and their religion on high. From what I read is that since Mormonism historical background starts therewith Judaism that they would accept their teachings to a certain extent. The only thing that I see the people of Mormonism having a problem with is that the people of Judaism do not believe in Jesus. I think that Mormonism probably could let someone of the Judaism faith pray for them or with them because I read in the book Mormon America they encourage many different religions but believe somewhere down the line lost some facts of the truth that Mormonism still believes an addresses. From those facts that got lost I believe that the Mormon would not accept either the belief that God is a spirit as of someone who is a believer of Judaism. The charastics that I wrote about even involves their everyday way of living. Judaism as I wrote before they believe that the name of God should not be spoken by any men, women, or child. They pray to God three times a day and four times on Saturday which is considered their Sabbath. When it comes down to the Tanakhthey try to follow the teachings of the Law that God gave to Moses. That law that Judaism follow controls every aspect of their everyday life in they must obey or it would be displeasing to God. Also by the time childhits manhood if they have an able mind must remember all five books of the Pentateuch which is the first five books Moses wrote. As for Mormonism their belief on family in that once a family on earth will be a family in the afterlife has also instituted a very strong social welfare system to help their families. In The Book of Mormon they are taught about heath living and incorporating with what they are taught they give up a lot of unhealthy thing sure as cigarettes, alcohol, and sometimes meat. But they mainly focus on eating foods like vegetables, fruits, and grain. Also children of the Mormonism faith are trained and brought up at a very young age in preaching the word of their faith Like all religious faiths, there will be some similarities and a lot more differences. Judaism and Mormonism are no different. In conducting my research I found so many things about the religions of Judaism and Mormonism interesting. I think that the way that Mormonism was founded was the most interesting thing. It is always so amazing to get the chance to not only do research on different religions but also to get to know more about them and how different they may be from what I personally believe. References Bowker John. World Religions. The great Faiths Explored & Explained. New York, NY: DK Publishing, 2006.

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela - Former President of South Africa

Date of birth: 18 July 1918, Mvezo, Transkei.Date of death: 5 December 2013, Houghton, Johannesburg, South Africa Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born on 18 July 1918 in the small village of Mvezo, on the Mbashe River, district of Umtata in Transkei, South Africa. His Father named him Rolihlahla, which means pulling the branch of the tree, or more colloquially troublemaker. The name Nelson was not given until his first day at school. Nelson Mandelas father, Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa, was the chief by blood and custom of Mvezo, a position confirmed by the paramount chief of the Thembu, Jongintaba Dalindyebo. Although the family is descended from Thembu royalty (one of Mandelas ancestors was paramount chief in the 18th century) the line had passed down to Mandela through lesser Houses, rather than through a line of potential succession. The clan name of Madiba, which is often used as a form of address for Mandela, comes from the ancestral chief. Until the advent of European domination in the region, chieftaincy of the Thembu (and other tribes of the Xhosa nation) was by patrimonial decent, with the first son of the major wife (known as the Great House) becoming automatic heir, and the first son of the second wife (the highest of the lessor wives, also known as the Right Hand House) being relegated to creating a minor chiefdom. The sons of the third wife (known as the Left Hand House) were destined to become advisors to the chief. Nelson Mandela was the son of the third wife, Noqaphi Nosekeni, and could have otherwise expected to become a royal advisor. He was one of thirteen children, and had three elder brothers all of whom were of higher rank. Mandelas mother was a Methodist, and Nelson followed in her footsteps, attending a Methodist missionary school. When Nelson Mandelas father died in 1930, the paramount chief, Jongintaba Dalindyebo, became his guardian. In 1934, a year during which he attended three month initiation school (during which he was circumcised), Mandela matriculated from Clarkebury Missionary school. Four years later he graduated from Healdtown, a strict Methodist college, and left to pursue higher education at the University of Fort Hare (South Africas first university college for Black Africans). It was here he first met his lifelong friend and associate Oliver Tambo. Both Nelson Mandela and Oliver Tambo were expelled from Fort Hare in 1940 for political activism. Briefly returning to Transkei, Mandela discovered that his guardian had arranged a marriage for him. He fled towards Johannesburg, where he obtained work as a night-watchman on a gold mine. Nelson Mandela moved into a house in Alexandra, a Black suburb of Johannesburg, with his mother. Here he met Walter Sisulu and Walters fiancà ©e Albertina. Mandela started working as a clerk in a law firm, studying in the evening through a correspondence course with the University of South Africa (now UNISA) to complete his first degree. He was awarded his Bachelors degree in 1941, and in 1942 he was articled to another firm of attorneys and started upon a law degree at the University of Witwatersrand. Here he worked with a study partner, Seretse Khama, who would later become the first president of an independent Botswana. In 1944 Nelson Mandela married Evelyn Mase, a cousin of Walter Sisulu. He also began his political career in earnest, joining the African National Congress, ANC. Finding the existing leadership of the ANC to be a dying order of pseudo-liberalism and conservatism, of appeasement and compromise., Mandela, along with Tambo, Sisulu, and a few others formed the African National Congress Youth League, ANCYL. In 1947 Mandela was elected as secretary of the ANCYL, and became a member of the Transvaal ANC executive. By 1948 Nelson Mandela had failed to pass the exams required for his LLB law degree, and he decided instead to settle for the qualifying exam which would allow him to practice as an attorney. When DF Malans Herenigde Nationale Party (HNP, Re-united National Party) won the 1948 election, Mandela, Tambo, and Sisulu acted. The existing ANC president was pushed out of office and someone more amenable to the ideals of the ANCYL was brought in as a replacement. Walter Sisulu proposed a programme of action, which was subsequently adopted by the ANC. Mandela was made president of the Youth League in 1951. Nelson Mandela opened his law office in 1952, and a few months later teamed up with Tambo to create the first Black legal practice in South Africa. It was difficult for both Mandela and Tambo to find time for both their legal practice and their political aspirations. That year Mandela became president of the Transvaal ANC, but was banned under the Suppression of Communism Act – he was prohibited from holding office within the ANC, banned from attending ANY meetings, and restricted to the district around Johannesburg. Fearing for the future of the ANC, Nelson Mandela and Oliver Tambo initiated the M-plan (M for Mandela). The ANC would be broken down into cells so that it could continue to operate, if necessary, underground. Under the banning order, Mandela was restricted from attending meeting, but he drove down to Kliptown in June 1955 to be part of the Congress of the People; and by keeping to the shadows and the periphery of the crowd, Mandela watched as the Freedom Charter was adopted by all the groups involved. His increasing involvement in the anti-Apartheid struggle, however, caused problems for his marriage and in December that year Evelyn left him, citing irreconcilable differences. On 5 December 1956, in response to the adoption of the Freedom Charter at the Congress of the People, the Apartheid government in South Africa arrested a total 156 people, including Chief Albert Luthuli (president of the ANC) and Nelson Mandela. This was almost the entire executive of the African National Congress (ANC), Congress of Democrats, South African Indian Congress, Coloured Peoples Congress, and the South African Congress of Trade Unions (collectively known as the Congress Alliance). They were charged with high treason and a countrywide conspiracy to use violence to overthrow the present government and replace it with a communist state. The punishment for high treason was death. The Treason Trial dragged on, until Mandela and his 29 remaining co-accused were finally acquitted in March 1961. During the Treason Trial Nelson Mandela met and married his second wife, Nomzamo Winnie Madikizela. The 1955 Congress of the People and its moderate stance against the policies of the Apartheid government eventually led to the younger, more radical members of the ANC to break away: the Pan Africanist Congress, PAC, was formed in 1959 under the leadership of Robert Sobukwe. The ANC and PAC became instant rivals, especially in the townships. This rivalry came to a head when the PAC rushed ahead of ANC plans to hold mass protests against the pass laws. On 21 March 1960 at least 180 black Africans were injured and 69 killed when the South African police opened fire on approximately demonstrators at Sharpeville. Both the ANC and PAC responded in 1961 by setting up military wings. Nelson Mandela, in what was a radical departure from ANC policy, was instrumental in creating the ANC group: Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation, MK), and Mandela became the MKs first commander. Both the ANC and PAC were banned by the South African government under the Unlawful Organisations Act in 1961. The MK, and the PACs Poqo, responded by commencing with campaigns of sabotage. In 1962 Nelson Mandela was smuggled out of South Africa. He first attended and addressed the conference of African nationalist leaders, the Pan-African Freedom Movement, in Addis Ababa. From there he went to Algeria to undergo guerrilla training, and then flew to London to catch up with Oliver Tambo (and also to meet members of the British parliamentary opposition). On his return to South Africa, Mandela was arrested and sentenced to five years for incitement and illegally leaving the country. On 11 July 1963 a raid was undertaken on Lilieslief farm in Rivonia, near Johannesburg, which was being used by the MK as headquarters. The remaining leadership of the MK was arrested. Nelson Mandela was included at trial with those arrested at Lilieslief and charged with over 200 counts of sabotage, preparing for guerrilla warfare in SA, and for preparing an armed invasion of SA. Mandela was one of five (out of the ten defendants) at the Rivonia Trail to be given life sentences and sent to Robben Island. Two more were released, and the remaining three escaped custody and were smuggled out of the country. At the end of his four hour statement to the court Nelson Mandela stated: During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die. These words are said to sum up the guiding principles by which he worked for liberation of South Africa. In 1976 Nelson Mandela was approached with an offer by Jimmy Kruger, the Minister for Police serving under President BJ Vorster, to renounce the struggle and settle in the Transkei. Mandela refused. By 1982 international pressure against the South African government to release Nelson Mandela and his compatriots was growing. The then South African president, PW Botha, arranged for Mandela and Sisulu to be transferred back to the mainland to Pollsmoor Prison, near Cape Town. In August 1985, approximately a month after the South African government declares a state of emergency, Mandela was taken to hospital for an enlarged prostate gland. On his return to Pollsmoor he was placed in solitary confinement (having a whole section of the jail to himself). In 1986 Nelson Mandela was taken to see the Minister of Justice, Kobie Coetzee, who requested once again that he renounce violence in order to win his freedom. Despite refusing, restrictions on Mandela were somewhat lifted: he was allowed visits from his family, and was even driven around Cape Town by the prison warder. In May 1988 Mandela was diagnosed with tuberculosis and moved to Tygerberg hospital for treatment. On release from hospital he was moved to secure quarters at Victor Verster Prison near Paarl. By 1989 things were looking bleak for the Apartheid regime: PW Botha had a stroke, and shortly after entertaining Mandela at the Tuynhuys, the presidential residence in Cape Town, he resigned. FW de Klerk was appointed as his successor. Mandela met with De Klerk in December 1989, and the following year at the opening of parliament (2 February) De Klerk announced the unbanning of all political parties and the release of political prisoners (except those guilty of violent crimes). On 11 February 1990 Nelson Mandela was finally released. By 1991 the Convention for a Democratic South Africa, CODESA, was set up to negotiate constitutional change in South Africa. Both Mandela and De Klerk were key figures in the negotiations, and their efforts were jointly awarded in December 1993 with the Nobel Peace Prize. When South Africas first multi-racial elections were held in April 1994, the ANC won a 62% majority. (Mandela revealed later that he was worried that it would achieve the 67% majority that would allow it to re-write the constitution.) A Government of National Unity, GNU, was formed – based on an idea proffered by Joe Slovo, the GNU could last for up to five years as a new constitution was drawn up. It was hoped that this would allay the fears of South Africas whites population suddenly faced with majority Black rule. On 10 May 1994 Nelson Mandela made his inaugural presidential speech from the Union Building, Pretoria: We have at last, achieved our political emancipation. we pledge ourselves to liberate all our people from the continuing bondage of poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender, and other discrimination. Never, never, and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another... Let freedom reign. God Bless Africa! Shortly after he published his autobiography, Long Walk to Freedom. In 1997 Nelson Mandela stepped down as leader of the ANC in favour of Thabo Mbeki, and in 1999 he relinquished the post of president. Despite claims to have retired, Mandela continues to have a busy life. He was divorced from Winnie Madikizela-Mandela in 1996, the same year that the press realised he was having a relationship with Graà §a Machel, the widow of Mozambiques former president. After heavy prompting by Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Nelson Mandela and Graà §a Machel were married on his eightieth birthday, 18 July 1998. This article first went live on 15 August 2004.

Can Society Exist Without Law - 869 Words

CAN SOCIETIES EXIST WITHOUT LAW The question whether society can exist without law is somewhat an interesting question, because depending on which context you may want to look at this question there may be views and arguments that tends to differ because of how individuals view the law and society, indicating for or against whether society can indeed exist without laws. This could be a great debate but first we need to answer questions like what is society? What is law?. According to Black’s Law Dictionary a society is defined as an association or company of persons in considerable number interesting in a common object or a group of people living in the same place, under the same laws and regulations, and who have common rights and†¦show more content†¦When we look deeper into the difference between morality and law we can see that laws passed down by our government representatives and precedents does not have boundaries with moral law. As St. Thomas Aquinas argued, human laws does not aim to prohi bit all immoral actions like murder and robbery that hurt a member of society and therefore make human society impossible. There are no laws incited on people that we should be kind to the sickly or show compassion for the homeless and less fortunate or that homosexual activities, fornication and adultery are forbidden. Moral laws regulate the order of how people conduct themselves personally and socially, whilst law looks only to the public order of the society. The difference between morality and law is that law is an external factor to whom it is imposed upon and has sanctions. Morality is base on our own choice of reasoning and ensuring that our moral principles come from our own conscience. Christian theologians St. Augustine considered that an unjust law ceases to be law at all and carries no obligation in conscience. For St. Thomas Aquinas an unjust law was a corruption of law, a spoilt law or an outrage rather than aShow MoreRelatedThe Security Vs. Freedom955 Words   |  4 Pagesimperative to a society. This assumes that the state should have unlimited power when it comes to preventing acts against the society. The debate between security and freedom however, shows that this is not an undisputed fact. Without picking a side, it is still evident that just because something is perceived as being mandatory for a society’s continuation, it does not ostensibly indicate that it should be automatically accepted. In fact, it could be the case that certain societies should be leftRead MoreHuman Nature1089 Words   |  5 Pagessource, we must first understand the nature of man. Naturally all men are in a state of perfect liberty. This signifies that they can dispose of their persons and possessions and can order their actions in the way they see as fit, within the limits of nature’s law, without depending on or asking permission from any other man. A state of equality should exist amongst all men. A state of equality in which all jurisdiction and power is equal and no individual has more than another of the sameRead MoreRawls Justice Is Fairness1030 Words   |  5 PagesEssay-2 John Rawls never claimed to know the only way to start a society, but he did suggest a very sound and fair way to do so. He based his just scenario on two principles of justice. His first principle of justice was that everyone should have the same rights as others. His following policy decision was that in the event of any inequalities, they should be to the benefit to everybody, and available to all people in the society. 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The Tragedy of Julius Caesar - 2000 Words

Manipulation influences decisions and changes others’ thoughts. In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, manipulative language acts prominently between the characters. Brutus struggles to decide if the safety of the Roman Republic appears more important than his friendship with Julius Caesar. Cassius tries to persuade him to join the conspiracy that decides to kill Caesar. Envious of Julius Caesar’s power, the Senators believes that when Caesar becomes ruler, the change of government forever affects Rome. Brutus agrees that it seems for the best of Rome for Caesar never to become dictator, but he never wishes to change his opinion on his death. In a persuasive manner, Cassius sends anonymous letters to Brutus to convince him to join the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Beware the Ides of March† (Shakespeare The Tragedy of Julius Caesar 1.2.20). When Caesar approaches Brutus and Cassius, a Soothsayer warns him to be aware of March 15th, and this day becomes the day of Caesar’s death. Nevertheless, members of the conspiracy convince Caesar about the positivity of the soothsayer’s warning, and Caesar disregards the notice. Eventually, Cassius convinces Brutus to join the conspiracy. The Ides of March appears, and the Senators and aristocrats lure Caesar into the trap to kill him. The men flatter Caesar, and they simultaneously stab him. Antony pleads to speak at Caesar’s funeral. In his speech, Antony tells the plebeians about Caesar’s will as he explains to them the gifts they receive from Caesar. Consequently, Antony convinces the citizens that the Senators projects evil, and he urges the plebeians to seek revenge. â€Å"We will be revenged† (JC 3.2.204). The plebeians become furious after Antony’s speech, and they decide to kill the conspirators. Antony’s manipulative speech leads the fickle plebeians to change their opinion on Caesar’s death as they resolve to execute the conspiracy in an act of revenge. Before Antony gives his speech, Brutus also manipulates the plebeians and Antony. He begins to explain his reason to kill Julius Caesar. â€Å"[ . . . ] In the truth revealed to Antony by Brutus, [Caesar is] the most perfect Roman of them all† (Ronan 222). Brutus convinces Antony that Caesar portrays a perfect Roman, and heShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of Julius Caesar1050 Words   |  5 Pagesonce said â€Å"The pen is mightier than the sword.† I agree wholeheartedly with this statement. Evidence that supports this claim can be found in both Shakespeare’s play â€Å"The Tragedy of Julius Caesar† and in the modern day example of Malala Yousafzai. In Julius Caesar, Mark Antony uses words to convince the citizens of Rome that Caesar was a successful leader and not someone they should celebrate the death of. Also, the conspirators use words to convince Brutus to join their cause. Without Brutus, theRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Julius Caesar859 Word s   |  4 Pages The play the Tragedy of Julius Caesar was written and produced by one of the most famous play writers in history, William Shakespeare. The play started with the controversy over Caesar and his power as the roman emperor. Cassius one of the senators for Rome had suspicion over Caesar over the thought of him becoming a dictator for having too much power. Brutus his best friend was convinced later on by Cassius, who sneaked false letters of the roman citizen about Caesar’s power and ambition. ThisRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Julius Caesar1507 Words   |  7 Pagesthan likely to be conveyed and persuaded into believing or investing in the speaker’s words. As a result, the speaker is then able to incorporate a deeper effect on the listener, and conduct various long lasting outcomes. In the play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, Antony is able to create a greater effect and convince the crowd of his beliefs by focusing on all aspects of a sturdy speech. One of the many important objectives of a speaker is to portray credibility and trustworthiness. The use ofRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Julius Caesar1483 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tragedy of Julius Caesar has catastrophe in more characters than just Caesar. William Shakespeare presented Marcus Brutus in a way that closely followed the example of a tragic hero. Brutus came from noble birth, had a fatal flaw, suffered a great tragedy. Brutus also fits into Shakespeare’s variation of tragic heroes, by giving Brutus complexity, internal conflict, and using choice over fate. Brutus’ ultimate goal is fulfilled by in part by his actions. 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While Brutus and Cassius acted as conspirators, or the antagonists, they planned the assassination of Caesar. Deciding wrongly on doing for the good of Rome, Brutus indeed paid his good intentions. Assuredly, Brutus’s three fatal mistakes could be listed in orderRead MoreLiterary Analysis of the Tragedy of Julius Caesar773 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar William Shakespeare wrote his play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, so that his readers could have an idea of the lives, wars, and conflicts during the roman times. Shakespeare may have written the play because of his interest in history. He studied the writings of the historian Plutarch, who was alive at the same time as Caesar and wrote about his life. He also needed a job and money, and he had a fear of Queen Elizabeth dying. Shakespeare lovedRead MoreAnalysis Of Brutus In The Tragedy Of Julius Caesar1147 Words   |  5 Pagescareful when it comes to trust because people change so quickly. 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Discuss the drawback of the jury system as it is implemented in the UK Free Essays

string(129) " trial to be conducted, yet it could be said that this should apply to all trials and not just those that have a complex nature\." Introduction A jury in the UK generally consists of 12 randomly selected lay people that have been sworn conduct an impartial verdict as to whether a defendant is guilty or not guilty in a criminal trial. The objective of the jury system is to provide a just and fair outcome that could not otherwise be achieved by judges alone (Lesser, 2010: 12). It is believed that if judges acted alone, the decision would be a prejudicial, which would create unfairness. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss the drawback of the jury system as it is implemented in the UK or any similar topic only for you Order Now The human rights of the individual concerned would also be violated (Human Rights Act 1998, giving effect to the European Convention on Human Rights 1951). The most import concept of having a juror give a verdict is that juries may acquit a defendant in situations where a guilty verdict is demanded by the law (Elliott and Quinn, 2010: 233). An example of this can be seen in the case of R v Wang [2005] UKHL 9 where it was made clear by the House of Lords that a judge can never instruct a jury to convict a defendant. The jury system is therefore considered an important part of the confidence society has in the criminal justice system. The Juries Act 1974 is the main governing legislation that regulates the jury system by signifying what persons are eligible for jury service as well as making provision for the right to challenge jurors. The Criminal Justice Act (CJA) 2003 is also capable of restricting the role of the jury by imposing further limitations on the eligibility criteria and by allowing trial by judge alone in certain circumstances. Whether these limitations are necessary is arguable, but it has been said that the jury is an outmoded institution that needs to be reformed. In light of this, the drawbacks to the jury system in the UK will be discussed in this study. Trial by Jury The jury system in the UK is highly controversial because on the one hand, juries are considered to provide important protection for citizens (Gastil et al; 2002: 585), whilst on the other they are considered to be costly, time consuming and unable to deal effectively with complex cases (Gastil and Weiser, 2006: 6). In addition, it has also been said that the jury system in the UK is outmoded and ineffective and that it should be abolished (Baksi, 2014: 1). Essentially, because juries are not being used as frequently as they once were, it is questionable whether they are in fact still needed (Zander, 2007: 157). In the majority of instances, a jury is not needed as a defendant will have submitted a guilty plea, yet in those instances where a not guilty plea has been entered, it has been said that juries are essential in ensuring that a fair trial is provided to the defendant under Article 6 of the ECHR and in the interests of justice. This was recognised by Thomas and Balmer when it was pointed out that; â€Å"there is an ancient right for an accused to be tried only by the lawful judgement of his equals or by the law of the land and even though there is no modern constitutional right to trial by jury in England and Wales, governments have found the public extremely unwilling to sanction further restrictions to jury trials† (2007: 1). This highlights the significance of jury trials and whilst there are many drawbacks, it is widely accepted that juries help to maintain justice. Conversely, it is believed by some that jury trials should be eradicated on the basis that they are largely ineffective on the basis that judges have a strong influence over the outcome of the trial (Stone and Dennis, 2003: 2). This was identified by Sanders and Young when it was evidenced that even though it is left to the jury to decide, beyond reasonable doubt, whether or not a defendant is guilty, â€Å"judges often exert a strong influence on the outcome and are far from being the passive impartial referee as depicted in adversarial theory†(2006; 496). Because of the influence judges exert over juries, it seems as though the jury system is a waste of time and expense. Furthermore, because juries do not have to give a reason for their decision, it is difficult to tell whether a just decision has been provided anyway as the decision may not be based upon their own findings and may instead be based on the judges influence. In view of this, the Auld Report found that; â€Å"many contributors have suggested that the system may not, as a matter of English law, withstand a challenge, that the unreasoned jury verdict violates article 6.† It is questionable whether this does violate article 6, ye t it was made clear in Condron v UK (2000) 31 EHRR 1 that it is not. Therefore, even though jurors do not have to provide a reason for decisions reached, it is said that a fair trial is still being provided. This does not seem fair, since a violation of Article 6 would be found if a judge failed to provide a reason, yet this is not the case for jurors. As stressed by Doran; â€Å"trial by jury occupies a pivotal yet paradoxical position at the centre of the English criminal justice system† (2002; 379). Arguably, it is clear from this that many do actually favour jury trials and are of the view that an effective justice system is being attained. However, because jury trials are not used in serious and complex fraud trials, it is arguable whether jurors are well equipped to deal with all other trials. The inability of jurors to deal with such cases was introduced by the CJA 2003 and emerged from the Jubilee Line Jurors [2007] Crim LR 255 case. Here. jurors suffered serious personal difficulties because of the complexity of the issues at hand (Lloyd-Bostock: 2007: 1). In cases such as this, it is more desirable for a judge-only trial to be conducted, yet it could be said that this should apply to all trials and not just those that have a complex nature. You read "Discuss the drawback of the jury system as it is implemented in the UK" in category "Essay examples" Moreover, the fact that trial by jury has been abandoned in other jurisdictions seems to demonstrate that the jury service is unworkable and ineffective. This has exemplified by Laville (2010: 1) who put forward that; â€Å"in the last 400 years, trials without juries have taken place in Northern Ireland, where the Diplock courts were set up to provide justice in the intimidating atmosphere of the Troubles.† Consequently, it could be said that Northern Ireland are aware of the difficulties and uncertainties of jury trials and have therefore made the decision to abandoning them. Juries were also discarded in Germany on the 4th January 1924 when it became apparent that injustice frequently occurred as a result of jury trials. This was identified by Herzog when it was noted that; â€Å"since 1924 jury trials have been abolished in Germany and there are no signs of a renaissance of lay participation and jury trial in the German criminal justice system† (2012: 1). It is arguable whether this demonstrates the ineffectiveness of jury systems but it is evident that the Germans do not agree with them. Jury trials were also abandoned in India following the case of K.M. Nanavati v State of Maharashtra [1962] Suppl 1 SCR 567 where it became clear that juror’s decisions were capable of being influenced by the media and the public. As put by Debroy; â€Å"the Nanavati case was responsible for abolition of jury trials in India and it was the last trial by jury† (2009: 1). It was also identified by Debroy that there is a correlation in India between the abolishment of jury trials and the prolonging of cases (2009: 2). In view of this, it cannot be said that jury trials should be completely abolished in the UK as cases may actually be prolonged as a result and there are various safeguards that have been implemented so as to ensure juries are not being influenced by the media and the public (Rackstraw, 2008: 726). Therefore, whilst jury systems do create difficulties, it cannot be said that they should be completely discarded as a result as they are still considered a vital p art of the justice system. Furthermore, if jury trials were abolished it is likely that this would result in prolonged trials as is the case in India. Furthermore, judges would also be capable of producing prejudicial decisions, which would ultimately contravene Article 6 of the ECHR which provides for a defendants rights to a fair trial. In a study that was conducted by Sturcke, it was found that; two in three jurors did not fully understand the legal directions and that more than one in 10 jurors carried out their own investigations online about a case (2010: 1). This study was based on 69,000 cases over a two-year period, which highlights the injustices that can actually be caused by a jury trial. This seems to provide a strong argument as to why jury trials should be abolished, however problems will still be caused by judge alone trials. In effect, it appears as though there ought to be a balance so that juries do remain, yet where cases are likely to be prejudiced a judge alone trial should be conducted. Essentially, this is what seems to be happening at present as jury trials are being discarded in serious and complex fraud cases, yet whether this scope should be broadened to allow for their elimination in other cases is likely. This will ensure that juries are maintained, on the one hand, whilst also enabling them to be discarded in cases which would be difficult for them to cope with. Whether this means that there will be an effective jury system in place, is however arguable. Conclusion Overall, there are many underlying difficulties which emerge from a trial by jury, yet it cannot be said that they should be completely eradicated. This is because judge alone trials will also have many drawbacks, which demonstrates the need for the jury system to be maintained. In order to prevent unfair outcomes from being produced, it is therefore necessary that a balance is attained which could be achieved by removing juries from serious and complex cases and those which would have a damaging effect on their ability to cope. Referencing Baksi, C., (2014) ‘Bias has ‘significant’ effect on verdicts, jury research says’ The Law Society Gazette, Available [Online] at: http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/practice/bias-has-significant-effect-on-verdicts-jury-research-says/5039295.article [23 April, 2014]. Debroy, B. Nanavati and Jury Trials, Law Resource India, (2009), Available [Online] at: http://indialawyers.wordpress.com/2009/12/26/nanavati-and-jury-trials/ [23 April, 2014]. Doran, S; McConville, M. and Wilson, G. The Handbook of the Criminal Justice Process, OUP Oxford, 1st Edition, (2002), p. 379. Elliott, C. and Quinn, F. (2010) English Legal System, Longman, 11th Edition. Gastil, J., and Weiser, P., (2006) ‘Jury Service as an Invitation to Citizenship: Accessing the Civic Value of Institutionalised Deliberation’ Legal Studies Research Paper, 06-32. Gastil, J., Deess, E., and Weiser, P., (2002) ‘Civic Awakening in the Jury Room: A Test of the Connection between Jury Deliberation and Political Participation’ Journal of Politics, Volume 64, No. 2, 585-595. Herzog, F. Philosophical and Social View of the Jury: Could it Have a Renaissance in Germany(2012) Available [Online] at: www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RIDP_721_0553 [23 April, 2014]. Laville, S. Heathrow Robbery Trial Breaks with 400 Year Tradition of Trial by Jury, The Guardian, (10 January, 2010), Available [Online] at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/jan/10/heathrow-robbery-trial-jury-twomey [23 April, 2014]. Lesser, M. A. (2010) The Historical Development of the Jury System, Kessinger Publishing: London. Lloyd-Bostock, S. The Jubilee Line Jurors: does their experience strengthen the argument for judge-only trial in long and complex fraud casesCriminal Law Review, Crim L.R. 255, (2007). Rackstraw, M., (2008) ‘In the Balance’ New Law Journal, Volume 158, Issue 7322. Sanders, A. and Young, R. Criminal Justice, OUP Oxford, 3rd Edition, (2006). Stone, J., and Dennis, R., (2003) ‘Race and Ethnicity’ Comparative and Theoretical Approaches, 1-7. Sturke, J. Jurors ‘struggle’ to understand judges, study finds, The Guardian, (17 February, 2010), Available [Online] at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/feb/17/jurors-judges-legal-advice-report [23 April, 2014]. The Auld Report, Review of the Criminal Courts of England and Wales, Chapter 5, Juries, Available [Online] at: http://www.criminal-courts-review.org.uk/ccr-05.htm [23 April, 2014]. Thomas, C. and Balmer, N. Diversity and Fairness in the Jury System, The Ministry of Justice Research Series 2/07, (June, 2007), Available [Online] at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/publications/docs/JuriesReport2-07-webVersion.pdf [23 April, 2014]. Zander, M., (2007) ‘a Touch of Bias’ New Law Journal, Volume 157, Issue 7295. Cases Condron v UK (2000) 31 EHRR 1 Jubilee Line K.M. Nanavati v State of Maharashtra 1959 How to cite Discuss the drawback of the jury system as it is implemented in the UK, Essay examples